Mapping the Sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea Embayment to Changes in External Forcings Using Automatic Differentiation

Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers as well other ice streams in West Antarctica have been changing dramatically over the past decades. Although changes ocean conditions are likely primary driver of these changes, it remains unclear where processes could cause more mass loss. By employing Automatic Differentiation two independent ice-sheet models, we construct maps sensitivity volume above floatation to ocean-induced melt rates, rigidity, basal friction, surface balance. We find that close grounding lines along shear margins a larger impact on glaciers' final volume. The glaciers sensitive friction regions lines, while rigidity has Island. balance is uniform grounded ice.